Tulaghi

World War II relics

Tulaghi was the erstwhile capital of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate (pre-WW2). It’s a small constituent of the so-called Florida Islands suite, about 30km north of Guadalcanal. As the British had already established a solid base, Tulaghi seemed a lucrative target in the eyes of the Japanese during their WW2 conquest. They took over on May 3^rd 1942. The historical records reveal the atrocities committed by the Japanese in the Solomon Islands. To put it nicely, they were merciless and apathetic. The Americans got involved post-Pearl Harbor on December 7^th, 1941. They arrived eight months later and pretty much obliterated the Japanese as a part of Operation Watchtower.

Evidence of glacio-eustatic emergence

We reached Tulaghi on the morning of 16^th May riding for about an hour due north from Honiara on a small ≈7m boat equipped with a 40w Yamaha outboard motor. The sea was dead calm save for the occasional flying fish (which were quite amazing). The crew:  my advisor Fred, the senior seismologist at the Dept. of Mines and long-time collaborator of Fred, Alison K. Papabtu, our driver Joseph from Savo and me. We disembarked at the southern coast of Tulaghi riding through warm, reef-laden waters of every hue of blue imaginable. This was my first sight of the reefs of the Solomon Islands and boy, were they something!

The Central Mother’s Union is a small lodge on the southern coast, initially started with some Australian church’s help. This was where we were to stay. It was a nice, quiet place with a set of ≈10 rooms, a small stove, a fridge and a bathroom.  There was no running water and we had to rely on a big tank situated in the yard surrounded by oddly colored toads, fast moving skinks and wide-eyed geckos. As expected, the people at Tulaghi were very friendly and inquisitive. They speak English, Pidgin and Nggela, the local language. I met a couple of fisherman who gave us a few pointers on where to find good reefs. They (along with most of the Solomon Islanders I have met) thought that I was from Fiji where there’s a substantial Indian population. I had to correct their notion with ‘Me blong India-india not Fiji-India yeah!’

A Nggela fisherman with his kids

On this trip, we are investigating the paleoseismology (or earthquake history, if you will) of the Solomon Islands using corals. Coral atolls, depending on the species, can only grow to a certain level in the water column i.e. their highest level of survival. Therefore, the shallowest corals respond to sea-level changes. In the Western Province, our field area, where earthquakes occur, vertical uplift can kill corals by thwarting them out of their highest level of survival. However, so can sea-level changes. So, how do we separate the signal of sea-level change and tectonic activity in corals? - by obtaining a coral from an area that responds only to sea-level change and does not undergo the same tectonic activity as the Western Province (a tide-gauge can do the trick, but the local record is too short). There isn’t much going on in the Florida Islands by way of tectonics. They are sheltered by the island of Malaita to the north and Guadalcanal to the south. Hence, it was an ideal location for us to scout out coral microatolls that only record sea-level change.

A crab sits atop a (dead) Porites coral that saw sea-level changes

It was an intense three days of field work. The first day was pretty glum – we didn’t find any large microatolls and I got stung all over my left ankle as I fell into a whole colony of sea-urchins and nearly destroyed my DSLR (which I will henceforth never carry into the water – noob move). Spirits were lowered when all we had to eat were hard tack Navy biscuits, canned tuna and canned corned beef three times a day (yummy!) Subsequently, we managed to fully cover around 8 islands and partially searched the west coast of Nggela Sule (or Big Nggela) Island, heading well into the Sandfly passage. Paddling around near the shallow portion of the reef and snorkeling around an island for hours and hours, with the hot tropical sun beating down on you is no vacation – it’s tough work. Further, there is always the ominously hovering question of ‘what if we don’t find that ideal sample?’ In the end, there was no ideal sample – as there never is, but we did manage to find some good looking, big Porites and Goniastrea microatolls that will do us good.

A Sacred Kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus)

Fauna-wise I managed to catch sight of species of birds I never imagined in my wildest dreams that I would one day see. To name a few: the notoriously vocal Willie Wagtail, the elegant Ducorps Cockatoo, the brilliantly colored, endemic Lories, and the skilled Beack Kingfisher amongst others. I also glimpsed birds which I saw in Surathkal, India – the White-Bellied Sea Eagle and the Brahminy Kite, both of which sat pretty atop the food chain. I also saw numerous skinks, geckos, crabs and mudskippers. Oh, plenty of bed bugs and mosquitos too!

In the marine life department, apart from the many species of coral, I saw reef fish of many sizes and colors (I was quite taken with the parrotfish), sea-urchins (see above) and sea slugs. While snorkeling, I gulped when I saw a moray eel/sea snake (couldn’t see clearly – quite sure it was the former) about 2.5m below me. It seemed to be snarling at me, reminding me that the ocean was not my natural domain. Fortunately or unfortunately, we didn’t manage to see any sharks, rays or saltwater crocodiles.

Tomorrow, the 20^th, Fred, Alison and I leave for the Western Province by the Pelican Express ferry. We head to Ghizo, a 12-hr journey away. We will set up our base of operation and continue to conduct field work all over the region with its many islands. Wish us luck!

(posted from Ghizo - we already made it safely!)